Consumer Culture Essay - 830 Words

â€Å"What is consumer culture?† In the late 19th, early 20th century a new phenomenon arose. Along with the development of industrial advances and urbanization of the emerging American culture was the growth and subsequent domination of the â€Å"consumer culture†. Consumer culture is a term that goes hand and hand with the American way of life today, but in those days it was a new and unique experience. Along with the development of the mail order catalog, advertising became a focal point of American mass media. Advertising can be traced back as early as Franklin’s â€Å"Philadelphia Gazette†. After the turn of the century hand bills were given in the streets listing goods and services that many merchants could provide, and the New York Sun†¦show more content†¦The sign above the early amusement park at Brandywine Springs offered this advice: â€Å"Let All Who Enter Here Leave Care Behind.† This is a pretty slick analogy for the consumer culture, forget you worries and your wor k week buy things, buy fun†¦buy, buy, and buy. If you won’t, don’t worry your wife will. The middle class house wife found release in shopping trips, and with the rise of affordable and luxurious items, coupled with a decent, stable middle class allowed the women of the day to focus some of their energy of the fancy items for homes for wear and for leisure. When the Industrial Age seized America, and the shifting of the all work and no play work week to an 8 hour day, it offered those from rural areas a glimpse at life off the farm. This led to even more migrant workers moving into the cities. Without the surge of population would the consumer culture have been so dominant? Would the middle class have grown so dramatically if industrial products didn’t boom and consumer attitudes didn’t capture the nation? The middle class had the desire to be as beautiful and elegant as the elite upper class Americans. Once the standardization of the work week, and the explosion of mass production with moderate consumer costs became a reality these things were possible for the everyman. The every family now had places to go for a vacation or luxurious trip to an amusement park, or an event. The mass production, as well as mass consumption was heavily reliantShow MoreRelatedConsumer Culture Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesLooking at consumer culture through the lens of sociology. *Seeing how consumer culture has changed throughout the past few years. We will be discussing four different topics in depth; how companies have been abusing this consumer culture, how consumer culture is dominating free time, how consumer culture has shaped me throughout my life, and what activities might not be associated with consumer culture. The first element on the table for discussion is how companies have been abusing consumer cultureRead MoreInfluence of Culture on Consumer Behaviour6641 Words   |  27 PagesInfluence of Culture on Consumer Behavior LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter students should be able to understand: 1. What culture is and how it impacts consumer behaviors. 2. How culture acts as an â€Å"invisible hand† that guides consumption-related attitudes, values and behavior. 3. How culture sets standards for what satisfies consumers’ needs. 4. How culture is learned and expressed in language, symbols, and rituals. 5. How consumers are always adapting to culture-related experiencesRead MoreThe Effect Of Culture On Consumer Behaviour2011 Words   |  9 Pagesunderstanding consumer needs and desired is extremely important to the corporation in order to market their products and services properly into the market. Consumer behaviour is a process in where individuals or groups select, buy, use and dispose of the products and services to satisfy their needs and desires. The organisation simply cannot understand consumption unless they consider its cultural context, as culture shows how people view leads to their acceptance. Therefore, the effect of culture on consumerRead MoreGlobalization of Consumer Culture Essay1937 Words   |  8 Pages What is the global consumer culture? This term relates to the trends of the ‘developed’ countries and the growing consumption patterns that have been formed by transnational corporations (TNCs). A TNC can be defined by as a corporation that operates in different countries or areas of the globe to be able to maximise business processes. These corporations now operate as if the world had no borders, choosing areas of the globe that are most suited to their practices. This then relatesRead MoreMass Media And Its Influence On Consumer Culture1497 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 Introduction Consumer researchers have recognized that people consume in ways that are consistent with their sense of self (Sirgy, 1982). Consumption is not only a tool to obtain the value of goods and display social status, but also is closely related to self-identity. In the consumer culture, customers no longer just shop because of their needs. The desire of individual s self-development and self-taught continue to stimulate the consumption. People change themselves as much as possibleRead MoreInfluence Of Consumer Culture On Pop Art1379 Words   |  6 Pagesof popular culture and incorporation of â€Å"commercial techniques.† (Burton 2007, 113), Pop artists embraced â€Å"the culture of the masses† (Wilson 2011, 3). Although the Pop artists remained critically aware of the shortcomings within consumer culture their entanglement with the mentality and techniques of the culture â€Å"†¦surely rendered any potential for critique futile and invalid. (Mamiya 1992, 158). This essay will explore the interplay between critique and celebration of consumer culture within PopRead MoreEssay on The Effect of Consumer Culture on Education1242 Words   |  5 PagesEffect of Consumer Culture on Education Consumer culture has without a doubt affected my education. Education involves many things we value, and much of what we value has been bought. Whether it be the calculators we use in math class or the texts we read in English, commodities are helping teach us to do things. On another level however , consumer culture affects our Read MoreThe Effects of Religion and Culture on Consumer Behavior Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Religion and Culture on Consumer Behavior Religion and Culture play an important role in influencing consumer behaviour in relation to food intake â€Å"Human beings are not born with a set of behaviour, they have to learn it. What they learn is dictated by the culture into which they are born or within which they grow up† – J Bareham (1995) Culture makes us similar to some people but different to the vast majority. It is learnt as a person growsRead MoreAdvertising Appeals Within Cultures Based On Consumers Values Essay3550 Words   |  15 Pages DIFFERENTIATING ADVERTISEMENT APPEALS WITHIN CULTURES BASED ON CONSUMERS VALUES BY RAJSHREE PANDA (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR I), AMITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, AMITY UNIVERSITY E.MAIL: rpanda@amity.edu PH:9999130121 ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to examine Impact of Advertisement Appeals within cultures based on country characteristics and Schwartz values Approach – This paper describes important to identify values which can be used as a communication tool in advertisement to design appealsRead MoreConsumer Culture Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesConsumer culture is a fundamental part of many modern societies across the world, influencing a wide a range of areas from politics to economics and identity. Consumption is viewed as significantly powerful force in the economy and therefore understanding consumption and consumer culture is a vitally important resource both for the benefit of the economy and the individual. Consumer culture theory aims to understand the behaviours and attitudes of consumers from a sociological perspective, as opposed

Transformational Leader Bernard Bass Extended The Work...

Leadership is the ability to inspire confidence and support amongst the people, who are needed to achieve the organizational goals. Leadership is a term that is practiced at all times, in surroundings like school, workplace, politics, religious, social, home, etc. Leadership has become an essential subject ranging from business to education to religion and lifestyle. And this is because, it is realized that leadership is the result to successful beginning. Transformational Leader: Bernard Bass extended the work of Burns (1978) and the idea of transformational leaders in 1985. Is an individual who does not only have his/her interest but still pays attention to their followers. Also defined as a leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of nurturing followers into leaders. Transformational leadership enhances the motivation, morale and performance of followers through a variety of skills. These include connecting the follower s sense of identity and self to the mission and the collective identity of the organization; being a role model for followers that inspires them; challenging followers to take greater ownership for their work, and understanding the strengths and weaknesses of followers, so the leader can align followers with tasks that optimize their performance.... The leader brings a positive vibe, major changes in an organization. According toShow MoreRelatedTransformational Leadership : John Burns1410 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The history of transformational leadership originated with the idea of â€Å"transforming leadership,† dubbed by leadership expert James Burns. Burns described transforming leadership as an interaction between leaders and followers so that they â€Å"raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wren, 1995, p. 101). Burns’s colleague, Bernard Bass, formulated the theory of transformational leadership based on Burns’s original idea. The simple word change implies that leadershipRead MoreTransformational Leadership Theory By James Mcgregor Burns1183 Words   |  5 PagesTransformational leadership theory is the process whereby the leaders attends to the needs and motives of their followers so that the interaction advance each to higher levels of morality and motivation (Yoder-Wise, P., 2014, pg. 10). In its most optimal form, it produces positive and valuable change within the followers with the purpose of developing the followers into leaders. When a leader embodies transformational leadership, they enhance the morale, motivation and performance of followers withRead MoreTransformational Leadership2467 Words   |  10 Pages...........................................................................................02 Introduction .............................................................................................................................02 Why Transformational Leadership Is Important?....................................................................03 Individual Growth and Development...........................................................................03 Increases Performance......Read MoreTransformational Leadership Theory and Practice3262 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Transformational Leadership Theory Introduction Leadership is required by all organizations, as it facilitates them in the accomplishment of their goals and vision. Indeed, leadership is crucial and essential to the success of any organization, as they are the key stakeholders responsible for bringing new strategies and methodologies into practice. Leaders are the motivating facets for the entire organization that convince the acceptance of change in order to achieve the common goals. On a broadRead MoreThe Behavior Of A Manager2082 Words   |  9 PagesTheses days leaders are more professional and they possess reasonable thoughts and plans the to change dreams into reality (Bennis, 1992). There are many styles of leadership theories to support a theory of a particular manager.There are many theories like contingency theory,Transformational leadership,behavioural theory,participative theory,management theory etc.All these theories support the behaviour of the manager in an organization (Schneider, A., Schrà ¶der, T.,2012).Trans formational LeadershipRead MoreLeadership Theories Of The 20th Century2090 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferent leadership theories will be described that date back to the early 20th century. One of the first leadership theories of the 20th century came from Frederick Winslow Taylor. Taylor believed that making employees work as hard as possible was not as efficient as optimizing the way work was done. Taylor’s movement was called â€Å"Scientific Management† (aka Taylorism). Scientific Management was based on four principles. First, each specific task should be analyzed using the scientific method to determineRead MoreHistory of Management Thought Revision17812 Words   |  72 PagesPart Two The Scientific Management Era The purpose of Part Two is to begin with the work of Frederick W. Taylor and trace developments in management thought in Great Britain, Europe, Japan, and the U.S.A. up to about 1929. Taylor is the focal point, but we will see his followers as well as developments in personnel management and the behavioral sciences. Henri Fayol and Max Weber will be discussed, although their main influence came later, and we will conclude with an overview of the influenceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesobtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jers ey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguishRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesConclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 14—Leadership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 What Is Leadership? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Managers and Leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 Leadership Qualities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Exercising Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Presenting a Vision . . . . . . . . . Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesFourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. Leadership is a Process, Not a Position 51 51 70 1. Leadership is Everyone’s Business 2. Interaction between the Leader, the Followers the Situation Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 11. Leadership: Exerting Influence and Power 94 94 Text Palmer−Dunford−Akin †¢ Managing Organizational Change 2. Images of Managing Change 121 121

Industrial Seminar

Question: Describe about the Essay for Industrial Seminar? Answer: The Problem (Executive Summary) University of Liverpool, UK have organised a seminar named Being a Design Engineer ...A Retrospective Perspective on February 11th, 2016. The seminar was conducted by reputed Professor Ian Phillips, who is currently working as the Principal Staff Engineer at ARM Ltd. Ian Phillips has been a Design Engineer all his life. The central idea of the seminar was to share the experience of Prof. Ian Phillips as a Design Engineer since the beginning of his career. In the year 1974, at the early age of 25, Prof. Phillips ranked first in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Phillips and profile, 2016). At that time, the electronics were mostly used in the professional field, while the consumer sphere has only introduced radios and TVs. Furthermore, in the earlier days there used to be only one computer per company that is furthermore shared by using Teletype terminals (Chao and Huntington 2013). Even the telephones and cars used in the earlier days were completely electro-mechanical. The most vital question raised by Professor Phillips whether the education system prepared him for the next forty years of his professional life as a Design Engineer. Moreover, he also emphasizes the fact how well the education and academic courses are preparing the Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science students for next forty years of their lives. Professor Phillips exclaimed that engineering means creating and developing new stuff while technology is the tool used for making that stuff. Professor also stated that the functional, economical, innovative and reliable value of the produced stuff makes the engineering product more viable. There was various computing mechanism in the earlier days like the Hipparchoss Antitikythera, Grahams Orrery, Babbages Difference Engine that were considered one of the biggest computing achievement at that time (Conradie et al. 2015). In the earlier days, the implementations of computing and electronics devices were limited by the available technologies. Professor also stated the fact that as Design Engineer, one must utilize the available technologies to fulfil the need and reliability of the product. Regarding business perspective, a Design Engineer needs to create the things that are innovative, technologically advanced as are profitable to the company. Furthermore, as a designer, one must be good at creating product differentiation that will allow the business to lead the market competition. During the 1970s, the business opportunities laid in the mainframe computers (Chesbrough 2013). But with the rapid change in technology and creation of new products the trends of business op portunity have changed from professional to consumer. In the contemporary world, there is a various aspect of the technology that is vital but not visible while others are visible but not important. The consumer of the products does not know about the embedded technology the product has. As a Design Engineer, the most critical challenges that one will face is to develop and create new products with innovative technologies while not being appraised by the customer. In today's world, one cannot start his work with a clean sheet of paper. One always has to work on the previous researches. Thus, working as a Design Engineer means there is no limit of learning and experiencing. There will always be new technology new things to work upon. References Conradie, P.D., Nafzger, R., Vanneste, C., De Marez, L. and Saldien, J., 2015. Methods for Ideation: Reviewing Early Phase Concept Generation Among Industrial Design Engineer Students. InDS82: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (EPDE15), Great Expectations: Design Teaching, Research Enterprise. Phillips, I. and profile, V. 2016.Prof Ian Phillips. [online] Ianp24.blogspot.in. Available at: https://ianp24.blogspot.in/ [Accessed 24 Feb. 2016]. Chao, H.P. and Huntington, H.G. eds., 2013.Designing competitive electricity markets(Vol. 13). Springer Science Business Media. Chesbrough, H., 2013.Open business models: How to thrive in the new innovation landscape. Harvard Business Press.

To Be Or Not To Be, Innit Essay Example For Students

To Be Or Not To Be, Innit Essay Shakespeares name is used differently throughout the course of the introduction, but the ways the writer presents the proper noun make it appealing to all crowds. Such informal terms as Will make him seem familiar and comforting, as well as persuading the reader that Shakespeare is a known and liked person, rather than a title or status. He also refers to Shakespeare as The Bard, and William Shakespeare. Although this gives the sense that Shakespeare is a title, it is used to reflect the importance and greatness of him. Partway through the text, the author challenges the young readers and their opinions of Shakespeare. We will write a custom essay on To Be Or Not To Be, Innit specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He follows the quote a lot of people think hes boring and lacks street cred. With the single-worded reply, Perhaps. . This reply shows he is willing to listen to the judgments of the youth, but will still informally express adapting to Shakespeare by stating it as his feelings towards the matter. This way, when the author goes on to argue his point that Shakespeare would be exceedingly popular today, it is not presented to the reader as an insult, but rather an optional belief. The novelist does not attempt to oppose the youth readers, as he would appear very formal, and would be seen as taking away their freedom and authority. The use of many discourse markers and conjunctions helps the novelist create various links between the old Shakespearian English with the modern lingo used culturally today. By doing this, he merges the two groups into one, and persuades each other that they are together. To make sure the whole of the introduction isnt focused on the younger generation and those not interested in the works of Shakespeare, famous quotes such as Alas, poor Shakespeare and a few old English terms, it reminds the older generation about the excellence of Shakespeare, as well as the ability to inject Shakespeares terminology into modern discussions. However, these old English greats are altered by the author to make sure both registers are appealed to the idea of reading these. Famous texts have been changed into more comical and entertaining names, such as De Taming of de Bitch, Macbeff and Two Geezas of Verona. The use of a lower-register (cockney) tone and phonetics helps attract the disinterested youths into liking the idea of reading these texts, as well as persuading the higher register to see if Shakespeares works can be successfully translated for the lower register.

The Musicians Way a Guide to Practice, Performance, and Wellness Essay Example

The Musicians Way a Guide to Practice, Performance, and Wellness Essay I recently read The Musician’s Way a Guide to Practice, Performance, and Wellness by Gerald Kickstein. This book was extremely helpful in reminding me how I should practice and how to treat and protect myself as a musician. In order to succeed on your musical path, practice is the only way that will get you there. In the music world, talent is important but the musical progress depends on practice more than on talent. Talent represents the potential within you but practice makes you realizes your potential. But not every way of practice will show positive progress. Throughout this paper I will discuss how to get organized, how to practice deeply, how to have a fearless performance and lastly how to recognize injury and prevent injuries. College musicians nowadays are studying music under pressure due to jury exam, recitals etc†¦People tends to take shortcuts of the correct ways to practice in order to save time because of the poor time management or not having enough time for practice due to heavy school work. Since time is already not enough, we should all practice in the correct way therefore we can get the best result in the shortest amount of time, and also the most important point, make beautiful music in the performance. There are a lot of things that I think it is really important fundamentals to know when practicing, although some are simple but in my opinion these are essential. We will write a custom essay sample on The Musicians Way a Guide to Practice, Performance, and Wellness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Musicians Way a Guide to Practice, Performance, and Wellness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Musicians Way a Guide to Practice, Performance, and Wellness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer First we need to know what practice really is, Yehudi Menuhin the violinist said, â€Å"practice is not forced labor; it is a refined art that partakes of intuition, of inspiration, patience, elegance, clarity, balance, and, above all, the search for ever greater joy in movement and expression. † There are five points of how to get a practice organized; the very first one is about the practice environment. Practice environment is extremely important, not only as a workplace, but also as a source of inspiration. The practice room essential varies, this list is for vocalist. 1. Music stand, 2. Notebook and pencils, 3. Electronic metronome, 4. Correct turned piano, 5. Clock (keep a record of practice time), 6. Mirror (for monitoring movement habits), 7. Audio recorder, 8. Water (drink plenty of water especially for vocalist), 9. Adequate lighting and climate control, 10. Relative quiet and privacy, 11. A room that can hear the resonance of your own voice (not a room with heavy insulation board). The second part is how to plan a productive practice session; there are couple of small areas that I think it is really important in order to plan a practice session. To work on a large quantity of music efficiently, Klickstein recommended sorting them into five zones. . New material – Divide into sections, establish interpretive/technical plan, and slow tempo. 2. Developing material – Refine interpretation, increase tempo, and memorization. 3. Performance material – practice performing, maintains memory, renew and innovate. 4. Technique – Diction, Arpeggios, scales and etc. 5. Musicianship – Sigh t reading, theory/ear training, listening/study. Now we know how to plan a practice session, let’s find out about how to schedule practice sessions, in my opinion there is also five points of scheduling practice sessions. First is practice regularly, our artistic evolution is best served by steady, the practice time does not have to be long but similar amount of playing or singing each day is essential. Second point is practice more times than long time, try to arrange several practice sessions each day, maybe start off in the morning, practice in the afternoon, and practice before bedtime. Third is taking breaks between small sessions, generally you rest ten minutes of each hour that you practice, but for vocalist should be 20~30 minutes and rest 10 minutes. Fourth point is increasing your practice time gradually, and when you increase the practice time it also needs to be consistent. The last point of how to schedule practice sessions would be living a balanced life, make practice a part of your regular life, but also make room to exercise, eat healthy foods and relax with friends. A balanced lifestyle is essential to your well-being and for a successful musician. Now we know how to practice, we need to start off with picking new pieces of music to practice, this might sound easy but in my opinion there are 3 important guidelines to choose your new music materials. First is the taste, try not to pick a piece that you have absolute no interest in, you should enjoy the music that you learn, if the piece gives you excitement it will motivate you to practice. Second is the capacity, pick a piece that the creative capacity is not too far off from your musical and technical abilities, picking a piece that is difficult will not increase your strength and skills as much. Lastly is the plan, plan out your upcoming events, and see if it is possible for the new material to be ready before the next performance. Self-Recording – Benefits of Self-Recording:1. Sharpens musicianship, 2. Prevents distorted perception, 3. Heightens practice efficiency, 4. Enhances lessons, 5. Promotes objectivity. Habits of Excellence – Your habits in the practice room is very important, because the habits in the practice room will be the habits when you are on stage. 1. Ease – choose manageable material, because the more attention you use up supervising tec hnical elements, the less room you have available for artistry. â€Å"Playing is never difficult; it is either easy, or it is impossible. –Kato Havas, violinist. 2. Expressiveness – you can only become an expressive performer if you practice expressively, really do the dynamics, and have imaginations when practicing. 3. Accuracy. 4. Rhythmic vitality. 5. Beautiful tone – make sure the standard tone is full and rich, also develop a tone that will project to the back of a hall even at the quietest level. 6. Focused attention – When you’re practicing, imagine yourself being on stage and about to begin a performance. 7. Positive attitude – There will always be challenges, get help if you need it, and proceed confidently! Essentials of Artistic Interpretation – â€Å"Notes First† should not be the first thing to do when receiving a new piece, because once the habits are formed, it is even more difficult to rework the wrong habits. 1. Capture the mood, style, and tempo. 2. Shape the dynamics. 3. Color the tone. 4. Mold the articulation. 5. Contour the meter. 6. Drive the rhythm. 7. Express the form. Mental imaging – â€Å"When I sit in Paris in a cafe, surrounded by people, I don’t sit casually-I go over a certain sonata in my head and discover new things all the time. † –Arthur Rubinstein, pianist. Physical practicing is important but without mental imaging during usual practice, performer is more likely to make mistakes in performances. In order to do mental imaging, you have to be able to hear the music without playing it, that helps musicians memorize the music with ease, rather than memorizing music forcibly by practicing over and over again without any mental imaging. Starting New Material, Singers should – 1) Speak text in rhythm. To grasp how the words and rhythm fit together, expressively speak the text in rhythm. If anything feels uncertain, speak a section three times. ) Polish diction and comprehension. If you understand the language well, you can carry out this procedure before speaking the text in rhythm. But if it is a language that you’re not familiar with, then by speaking in rhythm first you will ensure that your accents line up correctly. Lastly, recite the text in the original language â€Å"as if in a dramatic reading. † 3) Sing the melo dy on â€Å"ah. † With the rhythm, diction, and meaning clear, move on to mapping pitches. Sing expressively to the section on ah or by using other vowels. If pitches are not correctly, review the intervals then sing the section three times. When the music needs to be memorized, besides singing on ah, you should also profit from singing the melody with fixed-do solfege syllables. Performance anxiety is one of the biggest issues for all performers. Cellist and conductor Mstislav Rostropovich said, â€Å"You must play for the love of music. Perfect technique is not as important as making music from the heart. † Sounded very easy and true but indeed it is very hard to do. Now we’re going to analyze about the performance anxiety, then we will start talking about the routines and suggestions to reduce the anxiety. Why do we have anxiety? Anxiety is a natural response to a perceived threat, when you feel the threat, adrenaline pours into your bloodstream, and this is called: the fight-or-flight response. Psychologist Stephen D. Curtis says, â€Å"The most important psychological contributor to the onset of performance anxiety is a performer’s concert for, or fear of, the outcome of the performance: that is, the performer’s thoughts become focused on an imagined negative outcome or failure. † If you’re afraid of performance, the switch of fight-or-flight response will be turn on during your performance. But this does not mean adrenaline is bad, if you can use this adrenaline to more of an excited way, this will benefits your performance, therefore, in order to reduce fight-or-flight activation, you have to manage fear. There are 3 stages of anxiety effects, it is important for performers to know what type of symptoms they might have while in these 3 stages of anxiety effect, each stage has different anxiety effects. Preperformance Effects – 1. Avoidance of practice, 2. Obsessive practice. 3. Busyness/disorganization. 4. Depression/fatigue/laziness. 5. Worry/distorted thinking. 6. Headaches. 7. Insomnia. 8. Difficulty focusing. 9. Stomach upset/loss of appetite. 10. Trouble with relationships. 11. Academic decline. 12. Substance abuse. At-Performance Effects – there are two different types of At-Performance Effects, first one is Physical/Behavioral Effects. There are 10 kinds for the first effects, 1. Trembling. 2. Cold hands. 3. Racing heartbeat. 4. Heavy perspiration. 5. Nausea/butterflies/wooziness. 6. Muscle tension. 7. Technical insecurity. 8. Rapid or restricted breathing. 9. Dry mouth. 10. Urge to urinate. The Second effect is the mental/emotional effects, 1. Fear. 2. Confusion. 3. Memory lapses. 4. Distorted thinking. . Agitation. 6. Hypersensitivity. 7. Negative self-talk. 8. Shame. 9. Anger. 10. Panic. The last stage of effect is called Postperformance Effects, and the effects are 1. Distorted thinking. 2. Shame. 3. Anger/hostility. 4. Misattribution. 5. Avoidance of practice. 6. Depression/fatigue. 7. Persistent insomnia. 8. Trouble with relationships. 9. Academic decl ine. 10. Substance abuse. Now we know the different kinds of anxiety effects and the cause of fight-or-flight response, we are going to talk about routine for preperformance, some guidelines for at-performance and routine for postperformance to reduce anxiety. The routine for preperformance is all about preparing before the performance, therefore it is a very important routine. How to prepare yourself before the performance? First you need to practice, not physically but mentally, because there’s really no point in doing any extended practice. Second, you need to rest before performance, if there’s no time for a nap, at least spend 10 minutes in a resting pose before performance. Third is meal, prepare a balanced preconcert meal is very crucial, you do not want to perform with a 10 out of 10 fullness of your stomach, or 2 out of 10 fullness either, 5 is the best fullness. Fourth is activities, a mild aerobic workout will be refreshing, and that will benefit your performance. Fifth is wardrobe and grooming, you should sort out your wardrobe and grooming days ahead of time to prevent any mistake such as only one sock or missing tie, it is never fun to find that out at the last minute. Lastly, prepare you music, instruments and gear, printed programs, music stand (if necessary), tools and spare parts just in case if a button fell off etc†¦, backstage water is extremely important for vocalist, lastly, snacks. There are couple brief points that I think are pretty important and essentials when performing on stage. Attire; make sure to match your clothing to the venue, for example, no tailcoats for evening recitals. Bowing, when the audiences are passionate, take a deeper bow than the usually bow to show your appreciation, bend no more than 45 degrees. Setting up, no need to rush for set up in the beginning, listeners also need time to settle into a mood from applauding. Performing, body language can show different elements of your performance, could be negative if it is inappropriate, therefore, recording a practice performance is needed. Handling scores, performers should prepare scores early, a loud page turn can break the music. There are 3 important points for post-performance routines, this is also important because if the performer gets the feeling in the wrong way, it can turn a person into depression. First thing for the post-performance routine is to interact and cool down, after bowing, cool down and accept your own performance. Secondly is to assess, the best way to enhance your assessment is recording, but it is best to wait a day before you go back and listen to yourself or else the performer(you) will be extra judgmental about their performance on that day. Lastly is to move ahead, after the assessment, it is time to move on, do not think too much about the mistakes of the last performance, start planning for your next practice session which is most important. I believe chapter twelve is among the most important chapters. It talks about injury prevention, causes of injury, warning signs, injury-prevention basics and lastly how to recover from injuries. Most musicians’ injuries are music related. Musicians work hard in order to maintain their abilities, but few musicians realize that over performing, practicing and teaching can trigger injuries. Most instrumentalists end up having tendonitis, which is extremely harmful as a performer because it may stop artists’ from playing for several days, which is really bad especially if they have gigs aligned for that week. It is mentioned in the book that most instrumentalists injuries are five causes: overuse, misuse, accidents, anatomical differences, and individual sensitivities. Overuse is broken down to what part of the body is overused. Musicians tend to overuse muscles, muscles can only sustain so much work before having to rest. Slight damage tends to heal overnight, but when a musician continues to work on a strained muscle it will cause trauma to the muscle which may cause permanent damage. Tendons are another muscle musicians must pay special attention to. Physicians Emil Pascarelli explains that the fluid that lubricates the tendons is used up during movement and is restored during rest. So when musicians play without taking breaks it is extremely harmful because fluid becomes depleted and friction arises between the tendon and sheath causing damage. So it is recommended throughout this book to take rest when breaking, it is wise to practice in increments. Misuse ties in without taking breaks during practice as well as having bad living habits which inhibits the instruments (voice) from resting or even as an instrument one needs to rest and not misuse or abuse their body. It is mentioned in this book that most accidents happened from musicians hauling their gear, and performance stress. Warning signs that a body sign sends out that a musician must pay close attention to are: fatigue, pain, and odd sensation. The response to these symptoms that the books gives are common sense, it suggests that one must stop what they are ding, rest and get help from a doctor or instructor. Overall I found this book to be extremely helpful. Most of the information I mentioned were common sense, but I find that people tend to forget about it because we have so much going on as students and are just trying to fit everything in a day. I would definitely recommend this book to my colleagues. Personally I found this book to be my musical bible. I now turn to this book as a reference when I need help with something when I struggle as a musician.

Reasons for U.S. involvement in WWI essays

Reasons for U.S. involvement in WWI essays There is more than one good reason that we should join World War I. 1) The German government has continuously attacked innocent Americans on the open sea. Even though they promised to stop sinking civilian ships, they did it again. They didn't just do it again once, they did it again three times killing about 103 civilians. The Germans have made the Americans many treaties that they would not aim for non-military ships, but never kept this promise. Killing innocent civilians shall not be acceptable. The fact that the Germans are killing innocent Americans makes the brutes. 2) We must fight for democracy and kill the brutes, as only then the world will be safe for democracy again. President Wilson said that we must make the world safe for democracy. One can honestly say that this is really a war of barbarian vs. democracy. After all, the Germans have an emperor (a dictator) and all of the allied nations have different kinds of representative governments. 3) And yet again th ere is another great American belief that supports my argument of going to war with Germany, this one is called capitalism. You see, many American banks have already made small loans to the country of Great Britain, and many more to come. The more we loan England, the more back we will receive. Then again, we do not want to lose these loans. To ensure that we get these loans back with their interest, Great Britain must win the war. If Great Britain wins the war than we can be sure that we will receive the cash we deserve in full. Also, 4) if the Germans and their alliances win the war, they will most likely try to conquer the rest of the world later, including the U.S. If the Germans were already killing innocent people now, and were already not sticking to any of their treaties to the U.S., what is to stop them from trying to take over America? The Germans think of themselves as an empire already, and pride would motivate them to take over the res...

The essay for Modules: Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

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